Submarine how deep can it dive

How deep can they dive into the water? What is the maximum depth can a submarine endure? Why do they have such a limit? A sub cannot dive as deep as an underwater research vehicle. While the design purpose of an underwater research vehicle is to navigate underwater and search, there are different purposes in designing submarines, including stealth, sound-absorbing, silence, manoeuvrability etc. And the cost is also is a critical concern. A submarine hull has two major components, the light hull and the pressure hull.

Hulls are unique structures in a submarine to hold water in them, which help the sub to maintain buoyancy underwater. The light hull of a sub is the outer non-watertight hull which provides a hydrodynamically efficient shape.

The light hull is usually made of a thin steel plate, as it has the same pressure on both sides. Inside the outer hull, there is a strong hull, or pressure hull, which withstands the outside pressure and has normal atmospheric pressure inside. The pressure hull is generally constructed of thick high-strength steel with a complex structure and high strength reserve. Carbon steel or Titanium is also used to build subs. Titanium is better for stealth but cannot perform many multiple dives as the metal tends to get brittle.

The strength of their hulls limits the depths to which subs can dive. It is essential to realize that there is a limit to how high the pressure can build inside the sub as problems develop. For example, oxygen becomes toxic at high pressures; thus, the pressure cannot equalize.

Since the designers incorporate a margin of error in their calculations, the crush depth of an actual vessel should be slightly deeper than its design depth.

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